This is one possible answer to many of the unanswered threads regarding the issue with uploading images.
If you get an Internal Server Error while i.e. uploading images and your permissions are set correctly it could be because of a misconfigured or missing library in the server system:
In Debian system the package is called "php5-gd".
Install, update or reconfigure the package on your server or ask your hoster to check the configuration of the GD Library with PHP.
Please consider that this may not resolve the issue for all of you out there.